Makale

Turkey is a dynamic and growing G20 economy that links east and west in a unique way. In addition to being one of the world’s largest economies, Turkey also supports international investors’ growth via a business-friendly agenda and through access to a large domestic market and neighboring international markets. Strong […]

Branch Office No shareholder. Not an independent legal entity. Its duration is limited to the duration of the parent company. No capital requirement, however, it would be wise to allocate a budget for the operations of a branch office. A branch office may be incorporated only for the same purposes […]

Liaison Offices Any company incorporated under the laws of a foreign country may establish a liaison office (aka representative office) in Turkey upon obtaining a license from the Ministry of Industry and Technology, provided that the company does not engage in any commercial activities in Turkey. To establish a liaison […]

Domestic Legislation On Foreign Investments International treaties, the FDI Law and the Regulation on the Implementation of the FDI Law are the main legal sources governing foreign direct investment in Turkey. The FDI Law, which entered into force on 17 July 2003, has brought extensive changes in favour of foreign […]

Overview The main piece of legislation governing commercial companies in Turkey is the Turkish Commercial Code, which entered into force in 1 July 2012. The joint stock company is only one of the corporate structures foreseen by the Turkish Commercial Code, although it remains the most preferred by both local […]

Overview Other common form of company in Turkey is limited liability companies which are also regulated mainly by the Turkish Commercial Code. Although limited liability companies are structurally very similar to joint stock companies, certain procedures require more formalities than the latter, such as share transfers. They are, nevertheless, favoured […]

In addition to the more prevalent joint stock company and limited liability company, the Turkish Commercial Code also allows for the establishment of general partnerships ,limited partnerships and partnerships limited by shares. General partnerships General partnerships are companies established, and maintained, by at least two individuals for the purpose of […]

Joint ventures between Turkish and non-Turkish companies have become very popular in Turkey in recent years, mainly owing to the emphasis placed by the government on urban transformation projects and developing infrastructure. There are no restrictions on the nationality of shareholders and those holding management rights except for speciic sectors […]

All companies may establish branches in Turkey; however, it is not possible to conduct activities in certain sectors (such as energy) through branches. Except for regulated markets, the establishment does not require consent from a governmental authority, hence a simple resolution by the management body of the company (i.e. the […]

Companies established abroad may establish liaison oices in Turkey for the purpose of conducting market research and feasibility studies. As such, liaison oices are not allowed to conduct any commercial activities. A liaison oice may also be an efective vessel for following investment opportunities in Turkey. In order to establish […]